Folksonomies, Thésaurus et Ontologies : trois artefacts combinés dans la structuration des données du Web

International audienceAu coeur de nos systèmes documentaires, de nos bibliothèques numériques, de nos systèmes d'information, du Web 2.0 et du Web Sémantique, les ontologies, les thésaurus et les folksonomies sont trois des structures de données qui participent à l'indexation des contenus. Parfois confondus, parfois opposés, nous montrons que ces trois « artefacts cognitifs » qui se répandent actuellement dans les applications Web répondent à des besoins différents et peuvent très bien être combinés au sein d'une même application pour permettre différentes fonctionnalités, offrant ainsi différents modèles et permettant différentes pratiques pour l'indexation de contenus en ligne

Prognostic factor of emergency patients aged 90 years and older

学位記番号：医博甲146

An architecture for privacy-enabled user profile portability on the web of data

Providing relevant recommendations requires access to user profile data. Current social networking ecosystems allow third party services to request user authorisation for accessing profile data, thus enabling cross-domain recommendation. However these ecosystems create user lock-in and social networking data silos, as the profile data is neither portable nor interoperable. We argue that innovations in reconciling heterogeneous data sources must be also be matched by innovations in architecture design and recommender methodology. We present and qualitatively evaluate an architecture for privacy-enabled user profile portability, which is based on technologies from the emerging Web of Data (FOAF, WebIDs and the Web Access Control vocabulary). The proposed architecture enables the creation of a universal "private by default" ecosystem with interoperability of user profile data. The privacy of the user is protected by allowing multiple data providers to host their part of the user profile. This provides an incentive for more users to make profile data from different domains available for recommendations.The work presented in this paper has been funded in part by Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No.SFI/08/CE/I1380 (Lion-2) and by Korean Small and Medium Business Administration under Grant No. 0420-2009-0061

Ontology-based identification of music for places

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36309-2_37Proceedings of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism in Innsbruck, Austria, January 22-25, 2013Place is a notion closely linked with the wealth of human experience, and invested by values, attitudes, and cultural influences. In particular, many places are strongly linked to music, which contributes to shaping the perception and the meaning of a place. In this paper we propose a computational approach for identifying musicians and music suited for a place of interest (POI). We present a knowledge-based framework built upon the DBpedia ontology, and a graph-based algorithm that scores musicians with respect to their semantic relatedness to a POI and suggests the top scoring ones. We found that users appreciate and judge as valuable the musician suggestions generated by the proposed approach. Moreover, users perceived compositions of the suggested musicians as suited for the POIs

The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group

The W3C Semantic Sensor Network Incubator group (the SSN-XG) produced an OWL 2 ontology to describe sensors and observations ? the SSN ontology, available at http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn. The SSN ontology can describe sensors in terms of capabilities, measurement processes, observations and deployments. This article describes the SSN ontology. It further gives an example and describes the use of the ontology in recent research projects

Linked Data tagging with LODr

We demonstrate one of the potential paths of the evolution of wiki engines towards Web 3.0. We introduce 3dWiki - the 3D wiki engine, which was built according to 2-Layer Interface Paradigm (2LIP). It was developed for use by Copernicus, our vision of a 3D encyclopedia. In the demonstration: We give an overview of 2-Layer Interface Paradigm, an attempt to marry advantages of 3D experience with the advantages of narrative structure of hypertext. We describe step by step how to create an article for Copernicus: from creating models for the 3D background, through authoring the content, creating the c-links, to publishing the result in our encyclopedia. We show how to use a physics engine in our wiki.peer-reviewe

Semantic Web Technologies for Enterprise 2.0

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse proposent différentes méthodes, réflexions et réalisations associant Web 2.0 et Web Sémantique. Après avoir introduit ces deux notions, nous présentons les limites actuelles de certains outils, comme les blogs ou les wikis, et des pratiques de tagging dans un contexte d’Entreprise 2.0. Nous proposons ensuite la méthode SemSLATES et la vision globale d’une architecture de médiation reposant sur les standards du Web Sémantique (langages, modèles, outils et protocoles) pour pallier à ces limites. Nous détaillons par la suite différentes ontologies (au sens informatique) développées pour mener à bien cette vision : d’une part, en contribuant activement au projet SIOC - Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities -, des modèles destinés aux méta-données socio-structurelles, d’autre part des modèles, étendant des ontologies publiques, destinés aux données métier. De plus, la définition de l’ontologie MOAT - Meaning Of A Tag - nous permet de coupler la souplesse du tagging et la puissance de l'indexation à base d’ontologies. Nous revenons ensuite sur différentes implémentations logicielles que nous avons mises en place à EDF R&D pour permettre de manière intuitive la production et l'utilisation d'annotations sémantiques afin d’enrichir les outils initiaux : wikis sémantiques, interfaces avancées de visualisation (navigation à facettes, mash-up sémantique, etc.) et moteur de recherche sémantique. Plusieurs contributions ont été publiées sous forme d'ontologies publiques ou de logiciels libres, contribuant de manière plus large à cette convergence entre Web 2.0 et Web Sémantique non seulement en entreprise mais sur le Web dans son ensemble.The work described in this thesis provides different methods, thoughts and implementations combining Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web. After introducing those terms, we present the current shortcomings of tools such as blogs and wikis as well as tagging practices in an Enterprise 2.0 context. We define the SemSLATES methodology and the global vision of a middleware architecture based on Semantic Web technologies (languages, models, tools and protocols) to solve these issues. Then, we detail the various ontologies (as in computer science) that we build to achieve this goal: on the one hand models dedicated to socio-structural meta-data, by actively contributing to SIOC - Semantically-Interlinked Online Communities -, and on the other hands models extending public ontologies for domain data. Moreover, the MOAT ontology - Meaning Of A Tag – allows us to combine the flexibility of tagging and the power of ontology-based indexing. We then describe several software implementations, at EDF R&D, dedicated to easily produce and use semantic annotations to enrich original tools: semantic wikis, advanced visualization interfaces (faceted browsing, semantic mash-ups, etc.) and a semantic search engine. Several contributions have been published as public ontologies or open-source software, contributing more generally to this convergence between Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web, not only in enterprise but on the Web as a whole